Florida Keys field guide

Cobia.

Rachycentron canadum

Buoy-cruiser. Sight cast a 50-pounder following a turtle.

Behavior

How they feed in the Keys

Cobia are the most exciting Keys sight-cast outside of the flats. They're coastal pelagics that follow rays, sea turtles, big sharks, hammerheads, and any floating structure — buoys, the Gulf towers, weed lines, navigation markers. Sun-up and you're hunting the surface for a long brown shape behind a turtle. Hook one and they fight harder than anything their size has business fighting.

Water temp

70–82°F

Active 64–86°F · Migrate north as water warms

Tide

Less direct — cobia are surface-cruising sight targets more than tide-driven feeders.

Current

Moderate. Wind/visibility matters more than current strength.

Weather

Sunny, calm to light-chop conditions. Sight fishing requires sun overhead and water you can see into.

Pressure

Stable for clear visibility.

Time of day

Mid-morning through mid-afternoon when sun is high enough to see fish from the bow.

Moon phase

Less direct correlation.

Tidal coefficient

Less direct.

Buddy fish

Always cobia behind manta rays, often behind sea turtles, occasionally behind hammerheads. Watching big slow shapes on the surface is the game.

Gulf towers

The Florida Gulf navigation towers are reliable cobia structure. Pitch-bait approach: ease up, drop a live eel or pinfish, watch a brown shape rise.

Seasonality

12-month outlook

Peak · Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Sep, Oct, Nov
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
PeakGoodOKSlowPoorSpawn window
Bait

What they eat, what catches them

Top 3 baits
1

Live eel

The single best cobia bait — they cannot resist. 12–18" live eel pitched in front of a cruising fish.

2

Live pinfish (large)

8–10" pinfish on a 6/0 circle. Reliable when eels are unavailable.

3

Bucktail jig (3–4 oz)

White or chartreuse bucktail with a curl-tail trailer. Pitch and let it sink past the fish; jerks erratically.

Alternates
  • Live blue crab· Cobia eat crabs — big crab on a 5/0 hook is a backup pitch bait.
  • Topwater plug (Spook)· When you spot a fish in shallow water and want immediate eat.
When to use what
  • Behind a ray or turtle

    Live eel on a 6/0 circle, 80 lb leader, no weight. Pitch in front, let it sink, twitch.

  • Tower / buoy

    Live pinfish or bucktail jig. Approach quietly; drop bait into the shadow.

Gear

How top captains rig it

Line

Spin: 50–65 lb braid.

Reel

Spin 6000–8000 with strong drag.

Rod

7'–7'6" medium-heavy with backbone for the runs.

Leader

80 lb fluorocarbon, 4–6 ft.

Setups by situation
  • Sight pitch

    7'6" medium-heavy spin + 50 lb braid + 80 lb fluoro + 6/0 circle + live eel. Always rigged and ready on the bow.

Regulations

Recreational rules

Size limit

36" fork length minimum.

Bag limit

1 per harvester, 2 per vessel per day (Atlantic).

Season

Open year-round.

Prohibited methods

Spearing legal in many Atlantic federal areas.

Note · Be aware of state-line crossings — Atlantic and Gulf state rules differ on cobia bag limits in some years.

Recreational rules · FWCVerify current rules at FWC →
Bite-score factors

What actually moves the bite

Each factor is rated by how much it shifts the bite for this fish in the Keys. Calibrated against the Bite Score weights — see the Bite Score reference for what each factor measures.

Not ImportantImportant
Wind
85
Water Temp
70
Wave Height
65
Barometer
50
Current Strength
45
Incoming Tide
40
Outgoing Tide
40
Dawn / Dusk
40
Slack Tide
30
Moon Phase
30
Wind vs Sea
15
For sport fishing reference only · Not for navigationField guide · Fishonomics